TURKEY'S RARE ELEMENTS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES - THE BEYLİKOVA CASE by Mustafa Enes Esen, Ömer Güler, Harun Güngör and Dr. İmdat Öner 21 May 2026 Executive Summary Turkey claims that Beylikova contains 694 million tons of rare earth ore. However, this is a resource estimate rather than a proven reserve, which requires independent verification that the deposit is technically and economically viable for extraction. The deposit, therefore, does not appear in authoritative international reserve rankings. Turkey currently possesses no rare earth processing capability at a commercial scale. Building genuine processing capacity would require a technology partnership of considerable depth, which would likely take years to develop even under favorable conditions. Western partners, while more aligned with Turkey's local processing conditions, are themselves only beginning to build midstream capabilities....