Book Review| May 01, 2020
Ore Deposits: Origin, Exploration, and Exploitation
Economic Geology (2020) 115 (3): 687–688.
https://doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.115.3.br01
Ore
Deposits: Origin, Exploration, and Exploitation
Sophie Decrée and Laurence Robb, Editors. 2019. ISBN
978-1-119-29053-7. American Geophysical Union and John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Geophysical
Monograph 242. 272 Pp.
Hem basılı hem de e-kitap olarak sunulan "Cevher Yatakları: Köken, Arama ve İşletme" başlıklı kitapta, editörler Sophie Decrée ve Laurence Robb, cevher yatağı araştırmaları ve günümüzün keşif zorluklarıyla ilgili geniş bir konu yelpazesini ele alan iki bölüme ayrılmış 11 bölüm bir araya getiriyor.
İlk bölüm olan "Atipik Maden Yatağı Stillerinin Özellikleri", alternatif keşif fırsatları sunan daha az geleneksel yatak stillerini inceleyen vaka çalışmaları sunuyor.
İkinci bölüm olan "Maden Arama için Yeni Yöntemler" ise, mikroskobikten yerkabuğu ölçeğine kadar modern maden yatağı araştırma teknikleri üzerine makaleler ve ek vaka çalışması örnekleri içeriyor. Tüm bölümler, ciltteki diğer bölümlerden bilgi gerektirmeyen bağımsız, bağımsız belgelerdir.
Kitap boyunca renkli
şekiller bulunmaktadır; bunlar, her bir bölümün amaçlarını tamamlar ve
okuyucunun cevherle ilgili süreçleri mikroskobikten makroskobik ölçeklere kadar
görselleştirmesine yardımcı olur. Kitap, okuyucuyu belirli atipik (alışılmadık)
cevher yataklarının oluşumu konusunda bilgilendirmeyi ve cevher yatağı çalışmalarındaki
son teknolojik gelişmeler için güncel metodolojiler sunarak gelecekteki
keşifler için benzer çalışmaları kolaylaştırmayı amaçlamaktadır.
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In Ore Deposits: Origin, Exploration, and Exploitation,
available in both hardcopy and e-book, editors Sophie Decrée and Laurence Robb
assemble 11 chapters divided into two sections that discuss a broad range of
topics relevant to ore deposit research and today’s exploration challenges. The
first section, “Characteristics of Atypical Mineral Deposit Styles,” provides
case studies that investigate less conventional deposit styles that offer
alternative exploration opportunities. The second section, “New Methods for
Mineral Exploration,” includes papers on modern mineral deposit investigation
techniques from the microscopic to crustal scale and additional case study
examples. All chapters are independent, standalone documents that do not
require information from other chapters within the volume. Color figures are
found throughout the book; they complement the objectives of the individual
chapters and help the reader visualize ore-related processes from microscopic
to macroscopic scales. The book seeks to educate the reader on the genesis of
certain atypical (unusual) ore deposits and provide updated methodologies for
recent technological advances in ore deposit studies that may facilitate
similar studies in the quest for future discoveries. Section I,
“Characteristics of Atypical Mineral Deposit Styles,” provides five chapters on
case studies of unusual ore deposits. In “Origin and Exploration of the Kola
PGE-bearing Province: New Constraints from Geochronology,” Mitrofanov et al.
investigate the age distribution in layered maficultramafic complexes in
northwest Russia. The temporal constraints improve our understanding of deposit
formation (barren vs. nonbarren intrusions) and provide a useful guide for
exploration. A table summarizing exploration criteria such as geophysical and
geochemical expressions, geodynamic setting, structure, and rock compositions
is provided as a quick reference for the explorationist, although it could be
better developed in the text. Master and Ndhlovu’s chapter, titled
“Geochemical, Microtextural, and Mineralogical Studies of the Samba Deposit in
the Zambian Copperbelt Basement: A Metamorphosed Paleoproterozoic Porphyry Cu
Deposit,” compares and contrasts rival hypotheses on the origin of Samba
(metamorphosed porphyry-style copper deposit or latestage [post-tectonic] shear
zone with ore fluids derived from metamorphic dewatering of basin rocks). Their
conclusions in support of a porphyry-style origin places the Samba deposit
among only a handful of porphyry deposits on the African continent. In chapter
3, “The Geology of the Mufulira Deposit: Implications for the Metallogenesis of
Arenite-Hosted Ore Deposits in the Central African Copperbelt,” Muchez et al.
describe the deposit geology and compare the geology and ore-forming processes
to other arenite-hosted deposits in the Zambian part of the belt, as well as to
other siltstone- to sandstone-hosted deposits in the Copperbelt and beyond.
Hulsbosch provides an interpretation of fractionation processes that led to
granite-related ore deposit formation in “Nb-TaSn-W Distribution in
Granite-Related Ore Systems: Fractionation Mechanisms and Examples from the
Karagwe-Ankole Belt of Central Africa.” The chapter ends with a metallogenic
model that can be applied to ore deposit types associated with boron-rich,
fluorine-poor granite systems. In chapter 5, titled “The Southern Breccia
Metasomatic Uranium System of the Great Bear Magmatic Zone, Canada:
Iron-Oxide-CopperGold (IOCG) and Albitite-Hosted Uranium Linkages,” Potter et
al. use alteration assemblages and geochemistry, along with recent
geochronology, to support the interpretation of a common genetic linkage
between the Southern breccia and NICO IOCG deposit—an interpretation also
supported by field relationships, geophysics, and geochemistry. Section II,
“New Methods for Mineral Exploration,” includes six chapters on recent
analytical advancements that may support future mineral deposit discoveries. In
chapter 6, “Cathodoluminescence Applied to Ore Geology and Exploration,” Baele
et al. introduce the reader to the cathodoluminescence (CL) technique. The
chapter demonstrates the utility of CL imaging in understanding ore paragenesis
through a series of ore deposit case studies ranging from alkaline complexes to
magmatic-hydrothermal deposits to hydrothermal deposits. In “Transition Metal
Isotopes Applied to Exploration Geochemistry: Insights from Fe, Cu, and Zn,”
Mathur and Wang provide an overview on the utility of Fe, Cu, and Zn isotopes
in ores, waters, rocks, and soils and how these isotopic systems can be used to
vector toward ore deposits and understand their genesis. In chapter 8,
“Exploring for Carbonate-Hosted Ore Deposits Using Carbon and Oxygen Isotopes,”
Barker and Dipple review the theory for isotopic variation in altered carbonate
rocks that results from hydrothermal fluid flow. The authors also present case
studies of carbon and oxygen isotopes from various carbonate-hosted ore
deposits. The chapter ends with a section on practical guidance on sampling,
analyzing, and integrating stable isotopic results and how these data can be
used as a tool in the exploration workflow for carbonate-hosted ore deposits.
Chapters 9 through 11 focus on geophysical methods. In chapter 9, “The
Importance of Large-Scale Geophysical Investigations for Mineral Exploration,”
Webb et al. highlight the importance of broad-scale geophysical data (magnetic
and gravimetric) for understanding the geometry of the Bushveld Complex and its
known and potential resources. Cooper’s chapter, “A Summary of Some Recent
Developments in Potential Field Data Processing in South Africa with Mining and
Exploration Applications,” provides background information on image processing
filters for gravity and magnetic data and introduces the reader to
semiautomated interpretation techniques that have become common exploration
tools. References are provided for more detailed understanding of
interpretation techniques. In the final chapter, “3D Reflection Seismic Imaging
for Gold and Platinum Exploration, Mine Development, and Safety: Case Studies
from the Witwatersrand Basin and Bushveld Complex (South Africa),” Manzi et al.
demonstrate how 3D seismic reflection data can be applied to exploration for
deep gold- and platinum-bearing horizons. Ore Deposits: Origin, Exploration,
and Exploitation is informative and covers a broad range of ore deposit topics
that may help with future mineral deposit discovery. Some chapters are better
written and organized than others; nonetheless, all chapters provide new
insights into ore deposit formation. The detailed methodology descriptions
presented in both sections of the book are particularly informative. The book
will be an asset to graduate students looking to expand their knowledge of ore
deposit research methods and how some may or may not be useful in their own
investigations. Therefore, the book would serve as a basis for discussion
between graduate student and thesis advisor when determining which analytical
methods to pursue. In addition, exploration managers looking to identify
resources may find geologic models and exploration methods covered in this
contribution valuable. The book covers an extensive range of research topics,
and because each chapter is independent of the others, the book may serve as a
reference guide for those looking to expand their knowledge of ore deposit
investigations.
Eric Anderson U.S. Geological Survey
Golden, Colorado 80401
February 13, 2020
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