Pangea'nın Parçalanması ve Yeni Tetis Evrimi:
Jeokronolojik ve Jeofizik Verilerle Desteklenen
Tektonik Bir Çerçeve
The Breakup of Pangea and
Neo-Tethyan Evolution:
A Tectonic Framework Supported by
Geochronological and Geophysical Data
This schematic reconstruction outlines the fragmentation of Pangea and the opening and closure
of the Neo-Tethys Ocean, processes that shaped the Alpine–Himalayan orogenic
belt. The model is grounded in geological, geochronological, paleomagnetic, and
geophysical evidence.
🔹 250 Ma – Late Permian:
Assembly of Pangea
Pangea formed a
single supercontinent. The Paleo-Tethys separated Laurasia from Gondwana, while
the Neo-Tethys initiated as a rift along Gondwana’s northern margin.
Evidence:
Paleomagnetic reconstructions place Gondwana at high southern latitudes
(Torsvik et al., 2012, Earth-Science Reviews). Permian marine faunal
correlations confirm Tethyan connectivity (Metcalfe, 2013, Gondwana Research).
🔹 200 Ma – Late Triassic:
Rifting and Opening of Neo-Tethys
Cimmerian terranes
(Iran, Tibet, Sibumasu) rifted from Gondwana and drifted northward, opening the
Neo-Tethys behind them.
Evidence: U-Pb
detrital zircon data show Gondwanan provenance until the Triassic, followed by
Asian affinities (Zhu et al., 2011, EPSL). Radiolarian biostratigraphy confirms
Middle Triassic spreading (Klets et al., 2006, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences).
🔹 145 Ma – Late Jurassic:
Maximum Spreading and Arc Magmatism
The Neo-Tethys
reached maximum width; subduction beneath Eurasia produced long-lived
continental arc magmatism.
Evidence: Zircon
U-Pb ages from the Gangdese Batholith (180–80 Ma; peak ~110 Ma) confirm
sustained arc activity (Chu et al., 2006, Geology).
🔹 65 Ma –
Cretaceous–Paleogene: India’s Rapid Northward Drift
After separating
from Madagascar, India migrated northward at >15 cm/yr.
Evidence: Marine
magnetic anomalies constrain drift rates (Cande & Stegman, 2011, Nature).
Zircon ages from the Kohistan–Ladakh Arc record transition from intra-oceanic
to continental arc settings (Bouilhol et al., 2013, EPSL).
🔹 Present: Collision and
Orogenesis
The Neo-Tethys is
consumed; the Indus–Tsangpo Suture preserves its remnant. Ongoing convergence
drives Himalayan and Tibetan uplift.
Evidence: Seismic
tomography reveals fragmented Indian slab segments beneath Tibet (Replumaz et
al., 2014; Singh et al., 2025, Tectonophysics). Thermochronology documents
rapid Himalayan exhumation beginning ~50–40 Ma (Bouilhol et al., 2013).
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